Conjunctions (समुच्चयबोधक)
Conjunctions (संयोजक)
परिभाषा:
Conjunctions वे शब्द हैं जो वाक्य, वाक्यांश
या शब्दों को आपस में जोड़ने का काम करते हैं। इन्हें जोड़ने वाले शब्द भी कहा
जाता है।
उदाहरण:
- He likes tea and coffee. (उसे चाय और कॉफी पसंद है।)
- She is intelligent but lazy. (वह बुद्धिमान है, लेकिन आलसी है।)
Conjunctions के प्रकार
1. Coordinating Conjunctions (समन्वय करने वाले संयोजक)
ये समान श्रेणी के शब्दों, वाक्यांशों या उपवाक्यों को जोड़ते हैं।
उदाहरण:
- And, But, Or, Nor, For, Yet, So
- He is rich, but he is unhappy.
- You can have tea or coffee.
2. Subordinating Conjunctions (अधीनस्थ संयोजक)
ये मुख्य वाक्य और अधीनस्थ वाक्य को जोड़ते हैं।
उदाहरण:
- Because, Although, Since, Unless, If, While, After, Before, Until
- She left early because she was tired.
- If you work hard, you will succeed.
3. Correlative Conjunctions (संबंध सूचक संयोजक)
ये Conjunctions जोड़े में आते हैं और समान महत्व के शब्दों या वाक्यांशों को जोड़ते हैं।
उदाहरण:
- Either...or, Neither...nor, Both...and, Not only...but also, Whether...or
- Either he will come or he will send a message.
- Not only is she intelligent, but also hardworking.
Coordinating Conjunctions (FANBOYS Rule)
FANBOYS: For,
And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So
यह नियम Coordinating Conjunctions को याद
रखने में मदद करता है।
इनका उपयोग:
1. And (और): जोड़ने के लिए
o He likes apples and oranges.
2. But (लेकिन): विरोध दिखाने के लिए
o She is smart, but lazy.
3. Or (या): विकल्प देने के लिए
o Do you want tea or coffee?
4. Nor (न तो): नकारात्मक वाक्य जोड़ने के लिए
o He doesn’t smoke, nor does he drink.
5. For (क्योंकि): कारण बताने के लिए
o He didn’t go, for it was raining.
6. Yet (फिर भी): विरोध के साथ जोड़ने के लिए
o It was cold, yet she went out.
7. So (इसलिए): परिणाम दिखाने के लिए
o It was raining, so we stayed home.
Subordinating Conjunctions के उपयोग
| Conjunction | अर्थ | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Because | क्योंकि | He stayed home because he was ill. |
| Although | अयद्यपि/हालाँकि | Although it was raining, they went out. |
| If | यदि | If you study, you will pass. |
| Since | जब से/क्योंकि | Since she was late, we left without her. |
| While | जब तक/जबकि | He was reading while she was cooking. |
| Until | जब तक | Wait here until I return. |
| Before | पहले | She left before I came. |
| After | बाद में | They went home after the meeting. |
| Unless | जब तक नहीं | You won’t pass unless you study hard. |
| Though | यद्यपि | Though it was difficult, he succeeded. |
Correlative Conjunctions के उपयोग
| Conjunction | अर्थ | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Either...or | या तो...या | You can have either tea or coffee. |
| Neither...nor | न तो...न | He likes neither tea nor coffee. |
| Both...and | दोनों...और | She is both intelligent and kind. |
| Not only...but also | न केवल...बल्कि | He is not only smart but also hardworking. |
| Whether...or | चाहे...या | Whether you stay or leave, it’s your choice. |
Common Errors with Conjunctions
1. गलत संयोजन का उपयोग करना:
o गलत: He is rich and unhappy.
o सही: He is rich, but unhappy.
2. Redundant Conjunctions का उपयोग:
o गलत: Although it was raining, but they went out.
o सही: Although it was raining, they went out.
3. Subject-Verb Agreement का ध्यान रखना:
o गलत: Neither he nor his friends is coming.
o सही: Neither he nor his friends are coming.
अभ्यास के वाक्य (Practice Sentences)
1. Coordinating Conjunctions:
- I wanted to play, but it started raining.
- She likes coffee and tea.
2. Subordinating Conjunctions:
- She left early because she was tired.
- I will wait here until you return.
3. Correlative Conjunctions:
- Either he will come or send a message.
- She is not only talented but also hardworking.
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