Voice (Active and Passive Voice)
Voice (Active and Passive Voice)
Voice is the form of a verb that shows whether the subject of a sentence performs the action (Active Voice) or receives the action (Passive Voice).
वाच्य क्रिया का वह रुप है जो यह दिखाता है कि वाक्य में कर्ता (Subject) स्वयं क्रिया (Action) करता है या वाक्य में क्रिया कर्म (Object) पर की जाती है।
1. Active Voice (कर्मवाच्य)
- Definition: The subject performs the action. (जब वाक्य में कर्ता (Subject) स्वयं क्रिया (Action) करता है।)
- Sentence Structure:
Subject + Verb + Object
(कर्त्ता + क्रिया + कर्म)
Examples:
- The teacher explained the lesson. (शिक्षक ने पाठ पढ़ाया।)
- She wrote a letter. (वह एक पत्र लिखती है।)
- They are playing cricket. (वे क्रिकेट खेल रहे हैं।)
2. Passive Voice
- Definition: The subject receives the action. (जब वाक्य में क्रिया कर्म (Object) पर होती है और कर्ता को गौण बना दिया जाता है।)
- Sentence Structure:
Object + Verb (be form + past participle) + by + Subject
कर्म + क्रिया (be + past participle) + द्वारा + कर्ता
Examples:
- The lesson was explained by the teacher. (पाठ शिक्षक द्वारा पढ़ाया गया।)
- A letter was written by her. (पत्र उसके द्वारा लिखा गया)
- Cricket is being played by them. (क्रिकेट उनके द्वारा खेला गया)
Active to Passive Conversion Rules (Active से Passive में परिवर्तन के नियम)
1. Identify the Object in the Active Sentence (वाक्य में कर्म को पहचाने):
o "She wrote a letter."
§ Subject: She
§ Verb: wrote
§ Object: a letter
2. Move the Object to the Beginning of the Passive Sentence (वाक्य में कर्म को शुरु में लिखें):
o "A letter..."
3. Use the Correct Form of the Verb (क्रिया का रूप बदलें) 'Be' + Past Participle:
o "A letter was written..."
4. Add 'by' ('by' का प्रयोग करें) Before the Subject (if needed, यदि आवश्यक हो):
o "A letter was written by her."
Tense-wise Conversion of Voice (प्रत्येक काल में Active और Passive के उदाहरण)
1. Present Simple (वर्तमान काल)
- Active: She writes a letter. (वह एक पत्र लिखती है।)
- Passive: A letter is written by her. (पत्र उसके द्वारा लिखा जा रहा है।)
- Active: The boy reads a book. (लड़का एक किताब पढ़ता है।)
- Passive: A book is read by the boy. (किताब लड़के द्वारा पढ़ी जाती है।)
2. Past Simple (भूतकाल)
- Active: She wrote a letter. (वह एक पत्र लिखी।)
- Passive: A letter was written by her. (एक पत्र उसके द्वारा लिखा गया।)
- Active: He eats meal. (उसने खाना बनाया।)
- Passive: Meal was eaten by him. (खाना उसके द्वारा बनाया गया।)
3. Future Simple (भविष्य काल)
- Active: She will write a letter.
- Passive: A letter will be written by her.
- Active: He will clean the house. (वह घर साफ करेगा।)
- Passive: The house will be cleaned by him. (घर उसके द्वारा साफ किया जाएगा।)
4. Present Continuous
- Active: She is writing a letter.
- Passive: A letter is being written by her.
5. Past Continuous
- Active: She was writing a letter.
- Passive: A letter was being written by her.
6. Present Perfect
- Active: She has written a letter.
- Passive: A letter has been written by her.
7. Past Perfect
- Active: She had written a letter.
- Passive: A letter had been written by her.
8. Future Perfect
- Active: She will have written a letter.
- Passive: A letter will have been written by her.
Special Cases of Voice
1. Imperative Sentences
- Active: Open the door.
- Passive: Let the door be opened.
- Active: Please help me.
- Passive: You are requested to help me.
2. Interrogative Sentences
- Active: Who wrote this book?
- Passive: By whom was this book written?
- Active: Did she complete the project?
- Passive: Was the project completed by her?
Practice Sentences (Convert to Passive)
1. They are building a house.
2. He will complete the work tomorrow.
3. She has prepared the report.
4. Who teaches you English?
5. The manager is signing the documents.
6. She is cleaning the house.
7. They wrote an excellent essay.
8. The chef will prepare the food.
9. The team has won the championship.
10. The children are watching a movie.
11. He delivered a powerful speech.
12. Did she solve the problem?
13. The doctor is treating the patient.
14. Someone had stolen my bicycle.
15. They will build a new library in the town.
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